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The science and research behind LPG1

LPG1 isn't just any probiotic. It was selected after decades of research by researchers at the Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC) and is supported by the following scientific studies, patents, and doctoral theses.

Doctoral Theses

Study of the biofilm ecosystem of table olives for its functional revaluation

Author: Dr. Elio López García. 

University: Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain. 

Year: 2024.

Web link to the document                                                                         

Formation and control of polymicrobial communities on the epidermis of table olives: foundations for the generation of a new multifunctional food

Author: Dr. Antonio Benítez Cabello. 

University: Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain. 

Year: 2019.

Web link to the document                                                                         

Microencapsulation Technology Patents

ES201030286 (26/02/2010)

International Application nº: PCT/ES2011/070118 (24/02/2011)

ES201031095 (16/07/2010)

International Application nº: PCT/ES2011/070518 (15/07/2011)

ES201231058 (05/07/2012)

International Application nº: PCT/ES2013/070477 (05/07/2013)

EP15382634.2. (17/12/2015)

International Application nº : PCT/EP2016/081385 (17/02/2015)

Scientific studies that support the use of microencapsulation technology

Toxicity studies

  • Zein Nanoparticle Acute Toxicity Study – CIFA 009/2012 – University of Navarra
  • Zein Nanoparticle Toxicity Study – CIFA 015/2012 – University of Navarra
  • Casein Nanoparticle Acute Toxicity Study – CIFA 003/2012 – University of Navarra
  • Casein Nanoparticle Toxicity Study – CIFA 010/2012 – University of Navarra

Scientific Publications

  1. Zein nanoparticles for oral folic acid delivery. Peñalva R, Esparza I, González-Navarro CJ, Quincoces G, Peñuelas I, Irache JM.. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2015;30:450–7. Doi: 10.1016/j.jddst.2015.06.012
  2. Zein-Based Nanoparticles Improve the Oral Bioavailability of Resveratrol and Its Anti-inflammatory Effects in a Mouse Model of Endotoxic. Penalva R, Esparza I, Larraneta E, González-Navarro CJ, Gamazo C, Irache JM. Shock. J Agric Food Chem. 2015;63(23):5603–11. Doi: 10.1021/jf505694e
  3. Casein nanoparticles as carriers for the oral delivery of folic acid. Penalva R, Esparza I, Agüeros M, Gonzalez-Navarro CJ, Gonzalez-Ferrero C, Irache JM. Food Hydrocoll. 2015;44:399–406. Doi: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2014.10.004
  4. Zein nanoparticles for oral delivery of quercetin: Pharmacokinetic studies and preventive anti-inflammatory effects in a mouse model of endotoxemia Penalva R, González-Navarro CJ, Gamazo C, Esparza I, Irache JM.. Nanomedicine. 2017 Jan;13(1):103–10. Doi: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.08.033
  5. Effect of the oral administration of nanoencapsulated quercetin on a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Moreno LCG e. I, Puerta E, Suárez-Santiago JE, Santos-Magalhães NS, Ramirez MJ, Irache JM. Int J Pharm. 2017;517(1–2):50–7. Doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.11.061
  6. Optimization and evaluation of zein nanoparticles to improve the oral delivery of glibenclamide. In vivo study using C. elegans. D. Lucio, M.C. Martínez-Ohárriz, G. Jaras, P. Aranaz, C.J. González-Navarro, A. Radulescu, J.M. Irache, , Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 121 (2017) 104–112. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.09.018
  7. Thermal protection of b-carotene in re-assembled casein micelles during different processing technologies applied in food industry. María-José Sáiz-Abajo, Carolina González-Ferrero, Ana Moreno-Ruiz, Ana Romo-Hualde, Carlos J. González-Navarro. 2013. Food Chemistry. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.11.016
  8. Toxicity and biodistribution of orally administered casein nanoparticles Gil AG, Irache JM, Peñuelas I, González Navarro CJ, López de Cerain A.. Food Chem Toxicol. 2017;106:477–86. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28610740/
  9. Soybean protein-based microparticles for oral delivery of probiotics with improved stability during storage and gut resistance. González-Ferrero C, Irache JM, González-Navarro CJ.. Food Chem. 2018;239:879–88. Doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.07.022
  10. Increased Oral Bioavailability of Resveratrol by Its Encapsulation in Casein Nanoparticles. Peñalva R, Morales J, González-Navarro C, Larrañeta E, Quincoces G, Peñuelas I, et al.. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(9):2816. Doi: 10.3390/ijms19092816
  11. Oral Immunogenicity in Mice and Sows of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli Outer‐Membrane Vesicles Incorporated into Zein‐Based Nanoparticles. Jose Matías, Ana Brotons, Santiago Cenoz, Isidoro Pérez, Muthanna Abdulkarim, Mark Gumbleton, Juan M. Irache, Carlos Gamazo. Vaccines 2020. doi:10.3390/vaccines8010011
  12. Modulation of the fate of zein nanoparticles by their coating with a Gantrez® AN-thiamine polymer conjugate Inchaurraga L, Martínez-López AL, Abdulkarim M, Gumbleton M, Quincoces G, Peñuelas I, et al.. Int J Pharm X [Internet]. 2019;1(January):100006. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2019.100006
  13. Casein nanoparticles in combination with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin improves the oral bioavailability of quercetin. Rebeca Peñalva, Irene Esparza, Jorge Morales-Gracia, Carlos J. González-Navarro, Eneko Larrañeta, Juan M. Irache. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118652
  14. Zein nanoparticles improve the oral bioavailability of resveratrol in humans. Brotons-Canto A, Gonzalez-Navarro CJ, Gurrea J, González-Ferrero C, Irache JM. Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2020;57(January):101704. 
  15. Zein-based nanoparticles for the oral delivery of insulin. Laura Inchaurraga, Ana L. Martínez-López, Nekane Martin-Arbella, Juan M. Irache. Drug Delivery and Translational Research
  16. Encapsulation of Probiotics in Soybean Protein-Based Microparticles Preserves Viable Cell Concentration in Foods All Along the Production and Storage Processes. C. González-Ferrero, J.M. Irache, B. Marín-Calvo , L. Ortiz-Romero, R. Virto-Resano, C. J. González-Navarro.. J Microencapsul 37 (2020) 242-253. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02652048.2020.1724203
  17. Zein Nanoparticles Improve the Oral Bioavailability of Curcumin in Wistar Rats. Ana Brotons-Canto; Carlos J. González-Navarro; Ana Gloria Gil; Eduardo Asin-Prieto; María José Saiz; Josep Manuel Llabrés. Pharmaceutics 2021, Volume 13, Issue 3, 361. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13030361
  18. Oral administration of zein-based nanoparticles reduces glycemia and improves glucose tolerance in rats. Cristian Reboredo, Carlos J.González-Navarro, Ana L.Martínez-López, Juan M.Irache. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. Volume 628, 25 November 2022. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122255
  19. Encapsulation of Lactobacillus plantarum in casein-chitosan microparticles facilitates the arrival to the colon and develops an immunomodulatory effect. Rebeca Peñalva, Ana Luisa Martínez-López, Carlos Gamazo, Carlos J.Gonzalez-Navarro, Carolina González-Ferrero, Raquel Virto-Resano, Ana Brotons-Canto, Ana Isabel Vitas, Maria Collantes, Ivan Peñuelas, Juan M.Irache. Food Hydrocolloids. Volume 136, Part A, March 2023, 108213. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108213
  20. Encapsulated Phytomedicines against Cancer: Overcoming the "Valley of Death. Ana Brotons-Canto, Claudia P. Urueña, Izaskun Imbuluzqueta, Edurne Luque-Michel, Ana Luisa Martinez-López, Ricardo Ballesteros-Ramírez, Laura Rojas and Susana Fiorentino. Pharmaceutics 2023, 15(4), 1038; Special Issue «The Study of Plant Compounds in Antioxidant Activity and Anticancer Activity». Doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041038
  21. 3D printing of microencapsulated Lactobacillus rhamnosus for oral delivery. Pablo Rosas-Val, Masoud Adhami, Ana Brotons-Canto, Carlos Gamazo, Juan M. Irache, Eneko Larrañeta. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. Volume 641, 25 June 2023, 123058. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123058
  22. Zein-based nanospheres and nanocapsules for the encapsulation and oral delivery of quercetin. Raquel Campion, Carlos J. Gonzalez-Navarro, Ana Luisa Martínez Lopez, M. Cristina Martínez, María-Jose Saiz, Maria Collantes, Ivan Peñuelas, Juan M. Irache. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. Volume 643, 25 August 2023, 123216. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123216
  23. Zein nanoparticles extend lifespan in C. elegans and SAMP8 mice. Ana L. Martínez-López, Cristian Reboredo, Carlos J. González-Navarro, Maite Solas, Elena Puerta, María Javier Ramírez, José L. Vizmanos, Juan M. Irache. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. Volume 666, , 5 December 2024, 124798. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124798

Scientific studies that support the probiotic activity of LPG1

The probiotic activities of LPG1 have been demonstrated in in vitro, cellular (THP-1 macrophages), animal (murine and C. elegans) and human models.

These studies have been carried out over the last decade in the following scientific institutions: IMIBIC (Spain), MICALIS (France), Universidad de Sevilla (España), Pablo de Olavide University (Spain) y el CSIC (Spain).

See the following scientific publications for more information:

Oral intake of Lactiplantibacillus pentosus LPG1 produces a beneficial regulation of gut microbiota in healthy persons: A randomised, placebo-controlled, single-blind trial

Nutrients. 2023 Apr 17;15(8):1931.  Web link

In Silico Evidence of the Multifunctional Features of Lactiplantibacillus pentosus LPG1, a Natural Fermenting Agent Isolated from Table Olive Biofilms

Foods. 2023 Feb 22;12(5):938. Web link 

Functional features of the exopolysaccharide extracts produced by Lactiplantibacillus strains isolated from table olives 

Food & Function. January 2024. 15(3). Web link

Biodiversity and Multifunctional Features of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated From Table Olive Biofilms 

Front. Microbiol. 17 April 2019. 10 - 836.  Web link

Understanding the transcriptomic response of Lactiplantibacillus pentosus LPG1 during Spanish-style green table olive fermentations

Front Microbiol. 2023. 14:1264341. Web link 

Probiotic Properties of Lactobacillus Strains Isolated from Table Olive Biofilms

Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2020 Sep;12(3):1071-1082. Web link

Application of Compositional Data Analysis to Study the Relationship between Bacterial Diversity in Human Faeces and Sex, Age, and Weight

Biomedicines 2023, 11(8), 2134; Web link 

Development of Fruit and Vegetal Probiotic Beverages with Lactiplantibacillus pentosus LPG1 Isolated from Table Olives 

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(24), 11514. Web link

HealthOlive Study

(in proccess)

https://divulgacion.ig.csic.es/2025/03/11/el-estudio-healtholive-busca-voluntarios-para-evaluar-los-beneficios-para-la-salud-del-consumo-diario-de-aceitunas-de-mesa/

Research contract funded by InterAceituna in collaboration with the CSIC and IMIBIC, which seeks to demonstrate that the combined consumption of olives with probiotics such as LPG1 improves people's health through an open-label, randomized, crossover, blind clinical trial with two intervention arms.